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Taliban, the terrorist organization in power in Afghanistan, has now made up its mind to capture Pakistan. A military post of Pakistan has also been captured by Taliban terrorists. Now they are gradually entering Pakistan, but why did such a situation arise between Pakistan which has been the biggest messiah of terrorists and Afghanistan which has been the biggest training center of terrorists. What has happened between two countries between which there has been a bread-and-butter relationship, ammunition, weapons and terrorists, when whoever needed it was fulfilled by the other country, that both of them want to annihilate each other? want. After all, why has the Taliban created by Afghanistan become so hateful towards Pakistan and why are the British, who had laid the foundation of this enmity about 130 years ago, responsible for this hatred? Today we will talk in detail.
When Pakistan became a new country by dividing India on the basis of religion on August 14, 1947, it inherited the border line with Afghanistan. It is called Durand Line. One end of this 2670 km long border line meets China and the other meets Iran. This Durand Line is the real reason for the war between Afghanistan and Pakistan, whose history is about 130 years old. At that time, India was ruled by the British and in order to expand their rule, the British attacked Afghanistan in the year 1839. At that time it was said that the sun never sets under the British rule, but the dream of the British was shattered in Afghanistan. About two years after the initial success in the war, the Afghan forces defeated the British forces and the British had to return empty handed from Afghanistan.
The British did not accept defeat. Nearly 36 years after losing the first Anglo-Afghan war, the British made another attempt. In 1878, the British again attacked Afghanistan and this time the British were successful in achieving victory. It was recorded in history books as the second Anglo-Afghan War. After winning this war, a treaty was signed between Sir Lewis Kavanaghari from the British side and King Mohammad Yakub Khan from the Afghan side, which was called the Treaty of Gandamak. Within a few days Mohammad Yakub Khan refused to accept this treaty. He again wanted to take over the whole of Afghanistan and the result was that the British counterattacked. There was a fierce battle in Kandahar, in which the British again won. After this, the British made Abdul Rahman Khan of their choice the ruler and made a fresh treaty of Gandamak, in which it was decided that now the British would not attack any part of Afghanistan.
After this treaty. The government of British India sent a British officer Mortimer Durand to Kabul in 1893 to make an agreement with the ruler of Afghanistan, Abdul Rahman Khan, on international trade as well as cultural, economic, military and political levels. Can go. On November 12, 1893, an agreement was signed between British India and Afghanistan, in which the boundaries of the two countries were determined. Officials from both sides sat in Parachinar city near Khost province of Afghanistan and a line was drawn on the map between the two countries. This line is called Durand Line. Through this line, a new province, North West Frontier Province, was created, which is generally called Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This part came to British India. Apart from this, FATA i.e. Federally Administered Tribal Areas and Frontier Regions also came to British India, while Nuristan and Wakhan went to Afghanistan.
Along with this partition, an ethnic group was also divided. Happened. This group was of Pashtuns, who lived near the Durand Line. Due to the drawing of the line, more than half of the Pashtuns remained in British India and the rest went to Afghanistan. There was another ethnic group which was in the part of British India and this group was Punjabis. Pashtuns and Punjabis were always fighting each other, but due to the line being drawn, the Pashtuns became weak as their strength went to Afghanistan. These same Pashtuns who went to Afghanistan became such fighters who started attacks against the Punjabis who were recruited in large numbers in the British Indian Army.
What happened after the partition was that the British gave up their share of provinces Started connecting with railways, the people of Nuristan, which was near Afghanistan, were forcibly converted into Muslims by the ruler of Afghanistan, Abdul Rahman Khan. This agreement between British India and Afghan rulers did not last long. In May 1919, British India again attacked Afghanistan, which is known in history as the Third Anglo-Afghan War. To end this war, an agreement was reached in Rawalpindi between the British Empire and Afghanistan on 8 August 1919 and it was decided that the British Empire would recognize Afghanistan as an independent country, while Afghanistan would consider the Durand Line as the international boundary line. >
After August 14-15, 1947, the situation changed once again. India became independent and Pakistan became a new country. Now with independence, Pakistan inherited the Durand Line, which separated Pakistan from Afghanistan. During this period, the Pashtun people, who lived on the border with Afghanistan, faced the most difficulties. The problem with them was that at the time of drawing the Durand Line, their families were so divided that some people went to Afghanistan and some remained in Pakistan. There were continuous differences between the two countries regarding this. Meanwhile, firing was done from Afghanistan near the Durand Line. The newly formed Pakistan responded to this firing by sending the Air Force and the Pakistani Air Force carried out an air attack on a village in Afghanistan near the Durand Line. After this attack on July 26, 1949, Afghanistan announced that it did not accept the Durand Line.
Then Britain intervened. In June 1950, Britain made it clear that the border line between Pakistan and Afghanistan would be the Durand Line, but this issue could never be resolved. Pakistan and Afghanistan often clashed on this issue. Then in 1976, Afghanistan’s ruler Sardar Mohammad Dawood Khan went on an official visit to Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan. There he said that Afghanistan recognizes the Durand Line as the international boundary line.
Then the relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan were resolved. A friendship developed between the two and the friendship became so close that when the Soviet Union sent its forces to Afghanistan, Pakistan deployed its fighters on the border of Afghanistan to fight the Soviet forces. Pakistan’s intelligence agency ISI also sent Mujahideen to Afghanistan to fight on the instigation of American intelligence agency CIA. Then, when some peace was restored in Afghanistan and there was no need for war after America and Russia left there, the Mujahideen of Afghanistan also came to help Pakistan against India.
When Afghanistan was captured by Taliban in 1996, Taliban again opposed the Durand Line. The Taliban said that there was no need for any border line between the two Islamic countries and the matter which was silent for about 20 years, suddenly started gaining momentum again. Not only this, when America freed Afghanistan from Taliban occupation and made Hamid Karzai the new President, Hamid Karzai also refused to accept this Durand Line, because Hamid Karzai himself is a Pashtun. Hamid Karzai said that this Durand Line is a wall of hatred between two brothers. After the ouster of Hamid Karzai from power in Afghanistan, Taliban is again in control of Afghanistan. The Taliban remains firm on its old stance that it does not accept the Durand Line. The result is that the tension between Pakistan and Afghanistan is increasing.
If a list of the most dangerous places in the world is made, then this Durand Line drawn between Afghanistan and Pakistan is always a part of that list. Because no one knows what will happen here, when the bomb blasts will start, when the firing will start. It is the destiny of the people living near the Durand Line that they always have to search for life amidst the fear of death. To reduce this fear and to protect itself from the attacks of Afghanistan, Pakistan started fencing on this Durand Line in the year 2017, which is now almost completed, but people living in Afghanistan and especially the border areas in Afghanistan. The Pashtuns have always opposed this fencing by Pakistan.
Ever since the Taliban regained power in Afghanistan on August 15, 2021, there has been tension between the two countries regarding this Durand Line. The conflict between them increased further. Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan completed the remaining work. So now both the Taliban i.e. Afghanistan’s Taliban and Pakistan’s Taliban together want to capture Pakistan, because both their language and objective against Pakistan is the same. The Afghan Taliban also says that the Durand Line is wrong and Pakistan is imposing its rule on the Pashtun people. TTP’s area of operations is also the area near the Durand Line and it also says that its rule will continue in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa near the Durand Line and the Pakistani Army will have to withdraw from here.
Overall, when it comes to When it comes to Islam, these two countries and their terrorists may appear united against the world and carry out terrorist activities by uniting against all the countries of the world, but when it comes to themselves, these two countries and their rulers real They live against each other, the root of which is the line drawn during the British era, which is called the Durand Line.
